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Medical & Dental Career Pathway

Foundation Doctor to Consultant Physician or Surgeon

Career Overview

Medical careers follow a rigorous and structured training pathway regulated by the General Medical Council (GMC) and Royal Colleges. From newly qualified doctor to consultant typically takes 10-15 years of progressive training, examinations, and clinical experience.

The pathway provides exposure to multiple specialties before making a definitive career choice. Continuous professional development, research, teaching, and clinical excellence are fundamental throughout.

Foundation Year 1 (FY1)

Duration: 1 year

Salary
£32,398

Newly qualified doctors complete supervised rotations across specialties including medicine, surgery, and general practice. Develop core clinical skills, professional competencies, and patient management under close supervision. Focus on acute care and emergency management.

Foundation Year 2 (FY2)

Duration: 1 year

Salary
£37,303

Increased clinical autonomy with continued rotations in different specialties. Doctors gain experience in specialty areas, develop procedural skills, and make informed career choices. Apply for specialty training programs including Core Training or GP training.

Core Training (CT1-CT3) / GP Training (ST1-ST3)

Duration: 2-3 years

Salary
£43,923 - £52,530

Specialty-specific training in chosen field. Core Medical Training for physicians, Core Surgical Training for surgeons, or GP Vocational Training Scheme. Undertake specialty examinations and develop advanced clinical skills in preparation for higher specialty training.

Specialty Registrar (ST4-ST8)

Duration: 4-6 years

Salary
£56,077 - £77,779

Advanced training in chosen specialty such as Cardiology, Neurosurgery, or Paediatrics. Complete Royal College examinations (MRCP, FRCS, MRCGP). Develop consultant-level competencies, research skills, and teaching abilities. Work towards Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT).

Consultant / GP Partner

Duration: Career endpoint

Salary
£93,666 - £126,281+

Lead clinician with autonomous practice and overall responsibility for patient care. Supervise and train junior doctors, develop and lead clinical services, contribute to clinical research and innovation, participate in medical education, and contribute to hospital or practice management.

Key Medical Specialty Options

Medicine Specialties

  • • Cardiology
  • • Gastroenterology
  • • Respiratory Medicine
  • • Endocrinology
  • • Nephrology
  • • Neurology

Surgical Specialties

  • • General Surgery
  • • Orthopaedics
  • • Neurosurgery
  • • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • • Plastic Surgery
  • • ENT Surgery

Other Specialties

  • • General Practice
  • • Anaesthetics
  • • Emergency Medicine
  • • Paediatrics
  • • Psychiatry
  • • Radiology